Beautiful skin is one of the key defining components of our physical appearance. Because of ageing, injuries or diseases, often our skin develops scarring, wrinkles, and other imperfections.
An easy method to make the skin look normal again is dermal filling. Dermal fillers are materials such as collagen, fat from one’s own skin, hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite etc which are injected into the skin to correct wrinkles, scarring etc. Most fillers are substances that are naturally found in the body though various synthetic materials are increasingly being used for filling.
The earliest material used for fillings was human fat. The fat used for filling is taken from the patient’s own body. The use of fat has its own advantages and disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage is that the use of fat requires an extensive procedure when compared to other filling materials as the patient must first undergo liposuction for extraction of the fat. However, the biggest positive aspect of the use of fat is that there is no risk of allergic reaction or rejection of the injected material by the body. As injected fat cells are reabsorbed in some quantity, doctors usually over-fill the area. This overfilling may look abnormal immediately after the filling procedure but it settles to normal after some time.
Collagen is an widely used dermal filler. It is a natural substance and is the main component of cartilage, teeth and bones. Collagen used for injecting in the skin for cosmetic purposes is derived either from human skin or cows (bovine collagen).
An alternative to collagen is a synthetic material called polylactic acid. The material is used because of its property to stimulate the body’s production of collagen. Unlike other filling materials, it does not show immediate visible results on being injected and its collagen producing effect makes visible difference only after a few weeks.
Hyaluronic acid is another natural substance found in human body that is used for filling. It is usually found in soft connective tissue, in the fluid surrounding the eyes, in cartilage and joint fluids as well as skin tissue.
In cases where extensive filling is needed, calcium hydroxylapatite is one of the most used filling materials. It is found in human bones and is generally used for filling in deep creases such as marionette lines and frown lines.
The injection or filling procedure typically takes as little as just 30 minutes or even less. The procedure involves little or no pain and has minimal side effects. Patients can resume their usual routine with some minor precautions. For example, the treated area is not supposed to be rubbed in order to avoid disturbing the filling material.
Though complications due to filling procedures are rare, sometimes side effects such as skin rash, swelling, redness of skin, itching etc may occur after the procedure.
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